2023 New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Industry Report_JiangSu Suyan Electronic Technology Co, Ltd

2023 New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management Industry Report

2024-08-05

Development Status

1. Battery thermal management is the core of electric vehicle thermal management, and range and safety are important factors of concern for electric vehicle thermal management;

2. From the perspective of bicycle value and market size, The current electric vehicle thermal management system is three times more valuable per vehicle than the fuel vehicle thermal management system, reaching 6000-7000 yuan; It is expected that the market size of thermal management for new energy vehicles will reach 82.5 billion yuan by 2025 and 112.6 billion yuan by 2030;

3. From the current situation of battery thermal management industry: To improve the low-temperature performance of power batteries, major automakers have introduced solutions for internal and external heating; The current mainstream battery cooling method for car models is mainly liquid cooling, with some models using direct cooling technology; The liquid cooling plate is the core component of the battery cooling system, and the expansion type liquid cooling plate has become the most important liquid cooling plate due to its advantages of low cost, good heat transfer effect, and high production efficiency; With the improvement of power battery performance and battery capacity, leading enterprises have launched double-sided cooling and even multi-faceted cooling solutions to increase cooling area and improve heat dissipation efficiency;

4. From the current situation of the air conditioning thermal management industry: Compared with PTC technology, the energy-saving effect of heat pump air conditioning is extremely significant. By 2022, the penetration rate of BEV models in China has exceeded 30%, and it is expected to become the standard solution for electric vehicle heating; R744 (CO2) refrigerant has the characteristics of sustainability, good low-temperature performance, and high efficiency, and its future application proportion is expected to gradually increase;

5. From the perspective of the motor, electronic control, and thermal management industry: With the development of electric drive system motors towards high power density and high speed, technologies such as oil cooling and composite cooling to improve heat dissipation efficiency have gradually become mainstream in the industry; To improve the overall heat utilization efficiency, the host factory uses a multi way valve to connect the high-temperature cooling circuit of the motor and the low-temperature circuit of the battery in series to recover the waste heat of the motor, which is used to improve the low-temperature performance of the battery and assist in heating the passenger compartment; In terms of electronic control and thermal management, multiple companies have begun to layout double-sided cooling and thermal management technology for power modules, and have achieved mass production applications in some new energy vehicle models.

Development Trend

1. Efficient Integration: The integration of thermal management systems, which replaces multiple components with a single module component, can reduce system costs and expand system space, and has gradually become a development trend in the thermal management industry of new energy vehicles;

2. Intelligence: 众Many companies such as Huawei, Tesla, and BYD have improved the calibration efficiency of their thermal management systems and the overall system efficiency of the vehicle by developing intelligent thermal management algorithms, as well as enhancing the comfort of the passenger cabin.

In terms of the value of bicycles, due to the addition of high-value components such as electric compressors and battery coolers in the current electric vehicle thermal management system compared to fuel vehicles, the value of bicycles has significantly increased, reaching 6000-7000 yuan.

Battery thermal management can be divided into air cooling, liquid cooling, direct cooling, and phase change material cooling methods based on different cooling media. At present, there are three widely used forms of air cooling, liquid cooling, and direct cooling. Among them, air cooling has low cost and low heat dissipation coefficient, and is used for some A00 level electric vehicles such as Wuling Hongguang MINI EV and Chery eQ1; Liquid cooling has strong cooling capacity and high system integration. Currently, mainstream A-class and above electric vehicles generally adopt liquid cooling solutions; Direct cooling has the highest temperature drop efficiency, fast cooling response, and can be directly connected to the air conditioning system, but it is technically difficult and costly. Currently, only some models such as BYD Dolphin are used.

PTC heating is a traditional heating technology for electric vehicles, in which wind heating PTC uses a blower to heat the passenger compartment, which is low-cost but has a poor user experience; PTC water heating has low heat loss and is currently a relatively mature and safe heating solution, which has been widely used; However, PTC heaters have a significant impact on the range of electric vehicles due to their high power consumption and high consumption of power batteries. Compared to PTC technology, heat pumps can achieve higher energy efficiency through gas-liquid exchange of refrigerant, effectively extending the range of electric vehicles. The application of heat pump systems in electric vehicles continues to expand. By 2022, the penetration rate of heat pump systems in domestic BEV models has exceeded 30%. Popular models such as Tesla Model Y/3 and BYD Dolphin/Yuan Plus/Han EV have already been equipped with heat pump systems, which are expected to become the standard solution for electric vehicle heating in the future.

In terms of electronic control thermal management, the thermal management of single-sided cooling power modules has reached its limit, while double-sided cooling technology can further reduce its parasitic circuit inductance and resistance on the basis of improving the power cycle and reliability of power modules. Currently, leading companies such as Delphi, Hitachi, and Denso have completed the layout of double-sided cooling power semiconductors and have achieved mass production applications in some new energy vehicle models.

Highly integrated is one of the development trends in thermal management of new energy vehicles. Tesla leads global innovation in electric vehicle thermal management technology. The Model S uses four-way valves to connect independent motor and battery circuits in series, and introduces motor waste heat recovery function based on this; Next, Model 3 introduces a five way valve to achieve integration of the valve body and pump body; Furthermore, eight way valves were applied to Model Y to fully integrate the vehicle's heat pump system, battery system, and motor control system, eliminating the need for the front radiator and high-pressure PTC of the air conditioning system, achieving significant cost reduction and efficiency improvement. BYD's Dolphin EV, built on the e3.0 platform, features a heat pump electric air conditioning compressor as its core and highly integrates the refrigerant circuit; The TMS thermal management system developed by Huawei mainly integrates major components such as compressors, replaces traditional pipelines with substrates, and integrates the control units of each component into one EDU, thereby reducing the number of components, improving reliability, and achieving high integration and lightweight.

At the same time, in order to improve the calibration efficiency of the complex electric vehicle thermal management system and the comfort of the passenger cabin, companies such as BYD, Tesla, Huawei, etc. have also developed intelligent thermal management algorithms, which will be more widely applied in the future. Intelligence has also become the development trend of the new energy vehicle thermal management industry. In addition, with the development trend of 800V high-voltage technology for new energy vehicles, related enterprises are accelerating the layout of thermal management components such as 800V electric compressors and liquid cooled supercharging piles that match the vehicle's 800V high-voltage platform.